National and local institutions
All of the ASEAN MS have national DRM systems established by laws that regulate disaster management and set up responsible institutions:
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There is a lot of variation between countries, due to different systems of law and government.
Common ground is that all require work on general public awareness on disaster risk, and training on disasters and preparedness. |
There is a lot of variation between countries in these structures and the way laws establish them. This relates to:
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Capacity-building for disaster response
All the national DRM frameworks mandate a range of capacity building at national level, with a more mixed pattern for local government and community level. Some important observations about this are that:
- These answers are, for the most part, based on general DRM institutional mandates in the laws;
- This project information does not reflect practice, only law and policy.
- Lack of a specific legal mandate for sub-national capacity building does not mean it cannot be done, as broad national powers and budgets may cover it.
- Financial and budget aspects are most often dealt with by different institutional funding mechanisms outside the DRM framework. Most of the funding, personnel and equipment resources for DRM are part of the system institutions’ and/or government ministries’ annual budgets (examples of those with separate DRM funds are noted below).
- Not all the ASEAN MS have significantly decentralized local government powers or structures (e.g. Cambodia, Laos), while local government and community are sometimes the same level/structure (e.g. Viet Nam’s Local People’s Committees)
Preparedness
The analysis shows that:
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Domestic preparedness capacity-building - example for peer learning The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) Act includes general provisions on public awareness, but it also specifically requires the Office of Civil Defense is to establish DRRM training institutes (s.8). It must also ensure that public sector employees are trained in emergency response and preparedness, as part of complying with the law. (s.9(i)). |
Response
Ready resources for response - examples for peer learning
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Institutional mandates
All of the ASEAN MS laws law and policy frameworks on DRM provide for national disaster response. These include general provisions in the laws to ensure equipment, relief materials, human resources and financial resources for the disaster response. Most of these are not separate powers or budgets. They are part of the responsibilities and budgets of the DRM institutions. But some ASEAN MS also establish separate ways to ensure ready response capacity. Two main ways used to ensure ready resources for response are through special contingency funds or through having a fully equipped and trained emergency, rescue or civil defence force on standby. |